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Chemical pesticides were used around 2500 BC, when the Sumerians used sulphur compounds as insecticides.5 Modern pest control was sparked by the spread round the United States of the Colorado potato beetle. After much discussion, arsenical compounds were used to control both the beetle and the poisoning of the human population did not occur.

In the 20th century, the discovery of several synthetic insecticides, such as DDT, and herbicides boosted this development.6.

Biological control is first recorded around 300 AD in China, when colonies of weaver ants, Oecophylla smaragdina, were intentionally placed in citrus plantations to control beetles and caterpillars.5 Also in China, ducks were utilized in paddy fields to consume insects, as illustrated in ancient cave art. In 1762an Indian mynah was brought to Mauritius to control locusts, and about the same period, citrus trees in Burma were connected by bamboos to allow ants to pass between them and help control caterpillars.

The introduction of DDT, a cheap and efficient compound, put an effective stop to control experiments. By the 1960s, issues of resistance to chemicals and harm to the environment began to emerge, and biological control had a renaissance. Chemical pest control is still the predominant type of pest control now, although a renewed interest in traditional and biological pest control developed towards the end of the 20th century and continues to this day.7.

Biological pest control is a way of controlling pests such as insects and mites by using different organisms.8 It depends on predation, parasitism, herbivory or other natural mechanisms, but typically also involves an active human management role. Classical biological control involves the introduction of natural enemies of the insect which are bred in the laboratory and introduced into the environment.

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The released organism will breed and survive, and provide long-term control.9 Biological control can be an important component of an integrated pest management programme. .

For instance: mosquitoes are often controlled by putting Bt Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. Israelensis, a bacterium that infects and kills mosquito larvae, in local water resources.10

Mechanical pest control is the use of hands-on techniques as well as simple equipment and apparatus, that provides a barrier between plants and insects. This is known as tillage and is one of the earliest methods of weed control in recommended you read addition to being useful for pest control; wireworms, the larvae of the common click beetle, are extremely destructive pests of newly ploughed grassland, and perennial cultivation exposes them to the birds and other predators that feed on them.11.

Crop rotation can help control insects by depriving them of their host plants. It's an important tactic in the control of corn rootworm, and has decreased early season incidence of Colorado potato beetle by as much as 95%.12

A trap crop is a crop of a plant that attracts insects, diverting them from nearby crops.13 Pests aggregated on the trap crop can be easily controlled using pesticides or other methods.14 However, trap-cropping, on its own, has often neglected to cost effectively reduce insect densities on large industrial scales, without the use of pesticides, possibly as a result of pests' ability to spread back into the main field.14.

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Pesticides are applied to crops by aircraft, tractor-mounted crop sprayers or as seed dressings to control insects. But effective control by pesticides is not easy; the right formulation has to be chosen, the timing is often crucial, the method of application is important, sufficient protection and retention on the harvest are necessary.

This is particularly important in countries where there are natural reservoirs of insects and their enemies in the countryside surrounding plantation crops, and these co-exist in a delicate balance. Often in less-developed countries, the plants are well adapted to the situation and no pesticides are needed. Where innovative farmers are using fertilisers to grow improved crop varieties, these are often more vulnerable to pest damage, but the indiscriminate application of pesticides may be detrimental in the longer term.15.

The efficacy of chemical pesticides tends to diminish over time. That is because any organism that manages to survive the initial application will pass on its genes to its offspring and a resistant strain is going to be developed. In this way, some of the most serious pests have developed resistance and are no longer killed by pesticides which used to kill their ancestors.

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Pesticides are devised to kill pests, but many have detrimental consequences on non-target species; of specific concern is the damage done to Termite Control Home Remedy honey-bees, solitary bees and other pollinating insects and in this regard, the time of day when the spray is applied can be important.17 The widely used neonicotinoids have been banned on flowering plants in certain countries due to their effects on bees.17 Some pesticides may cause cancer and other health problems in humans, as well as being detrimental to wildlife.18 There can be acute effects immediately following exposure or chronic consequences after continuous low-level, or occasional vulnerability.19 Maximum residue limits for pesticides in foodstuffs and animal feed are set by many nations.